Robust Image Watermarking in Spatial Domain Utilizing Features Equivalent to SVD Transform

In recent years, digital image watermarking has gained a significant amount of popularity and developed into crucial essential tool for copyright protection, security, the identification multimedia content. Despite its high computational complexity, singular value decomposition (SVD) is an extensively utilized transformation in watermarking. This research presents robust blind scheme that directly alters pixels spatial domain to incorporate watermark by quantizing block-wise invariant maximum value. Using distribution rule, from cover are redistributed obtain new divided square non-overlapping blocks values using matrix 2-norm without performing SVD transform. modifies such outcome equivalent difference between corresponding covers watermarked images. The strengths proposed approach highlighted comparison experimental results with most comparable approaches.